In 1997, it was given full independence to set interest rates.

英格兰银行于1997年开始完全独立地确定利率。

But many states set their payment rates much lower than recommended.

但许多大州将支付率降低到推荐水平以下。

The Bank of Japan also has set a negative interest rate for the money commercial banks hold with it.

日本央行还将商业银行存入该行的资金定为负利率。

The bank sets interest rate independently of the government and is gaining new powers to regulate the financial sector.

该银行有权独立于政府设定利率，并且现阶段又获得了调节财政部门的新权力。

You've got thousands of banks setting their own commercial rates.

你有成千上万的银行设定自己的商业利率。

So when they set interest rates, they're actually trying to read the road ahead.

因此，当他们设定利率时，他们实际上是在试图解读前方的道路。

To see why, start with how fixed rates are set.

要了解原因, 首先要了解固定利率是如何设定的。

Maybe you set your savings rate early in your career when your budget was especially tight, and haven't raised it since.

或许在职业生涯早期你就已经给自己定好了存钱的节奏，而那时你的预算还相当紧张，而之后你一直没有提高你的存钱节奏。

Each morning its central bank sets an exchange rate for the yuan known as the " fix" .

每天早上，中国央行都会为人民币设定一个汇率，称为“固定汇率”。

In 2012, LIBOR set the rates for contracts governing some $550 trillion, more than seven times global GDP.

2012 年， 伦敦银行同业拆借利率为约 550 万亿美元的合同设定利率，是全球 GDP 的七倍多。

When the Fed sets its target rate it has two key goals in mind stable prices and maximum employment.

当美联储设定其目标利率时，它有两个关键目标，即稳定的价格和最大的就业。

Three days ago, the mechanism for setting that rate was effectively changed, allowing supply and demand more say in the exchange rate.

三天前，决定汇率的机制已经改变，使得供求关系在汇率决定方面发挥更大多用。

Governors and rotating Fed Presidents meet eight times a year in Washington and they vote on where to set rates.

美联储理事和轮值美联储主席每年在华盛顿举行八次会议，他们就利率设定地点进行投票。

And too big a divergence can be a problem for the ECB, because it sets short-term interest rates for the euro area as a whole.

对于欧洲央行来说，差距太大可能是个问题，因为它为整个欧元区设定了短期利率。

Some governments use the oil price to set tax rates; customers, for their part, are exposed through heating-oil and petrol prices.

一些政府利用石油价格来设定税率；就消费者而言， 他们会因取暖油和汽油价格而受到影响。

There is a particular kind of critic of central banks who says that setting interest rates-and especially setting them low-is an unwarranted interference with the free market.

有一种批评央行的人说，设定利率--尤其是将利率设定在较低水平--是对自由市场的不必要干预。

China has allowed its currency to devalue for a third day running. The Central Bank set the guidance rate for the yuan 1% lower against the dollar.

中国让人民币连续三天贬值，央行规定人民币对美元价格跌1%。

And unlike the residents of all those other states that pay less, they don't get any representation in Congress at all the body that sets their tax rates.

与其他缴税较少的州的居民不同，华盛顿特区居民在国会中没有任何代表权，而国会正是制定他们税率的机构。

And I think they might when the Bank of England comes to set interest rates on Thursday next week, but still a very large number still.

而且我认为他们可能会在下周四英国央行来设定利率时，但仍然是一个非常大的数字。

But thanks to competition among various modes of transportation, rail rates have fallen 44%since the government largely removed itself from setting freight rates in the 1980s.

但是由于各种交通方式之间的竞争，自1980年代政府大幅度停止设定货运费率以来，铁路运价已经下降了44%。