The materials in question are quantum dots, the informal name for chemical structures also known as semiconducting nanocrystals.

所讨论的材料是量子点，这是化学结构的非正式名称， 也称为半导体纳米晶体。

You can use a panel of solar cells to create the current directly, by liberating electrons from a semiconducting material such as silicon.

你可以使用一块太阳能电池板从硅等半导体材料中释放电子来直接制造电流。

Traditional solar cells typically contain two layers of ultra-pure silicon, both doped with an additive to make them semiconducting (ie, the ability to work as either a conductor or insulator).

传统的太阳能电池通常包含两层超纯硅，两层都掺杂了添加剂以使其具有半导体性（即，能够作为导体或绝缘体工作）。

By changing the electrical charge of the gate, the conductivity of the semiconducting material can be manipulated, allowing current to flow or be stopped – like the water faucet analogy we discussed earlier.

通过改变" 门" 的电荷，我们可以控制半导体的导电性，允许电流流动或停止——就像前面提到的水龙头比喻。