These are called retrograde and anterograde amnesia, respectively.

这些分别称为逆行性遗忘和顺行性遗忘。

Retrograde amnesia usually affects the storage or retrieval stage of memory formation and causes a person to be unable to recall old memories.

逆行性遗忘通常影响记忆形成的存储和检索阶段，使患者无法回想起过去的事情。

Both anterograde and retrograde amnesia can be caused by acute and chronic conditions.

顺行性遗忘与逆行性遗忘都可由急性和慢性疾病引起。

Besides brain injury or illness, retrograde amnesia can result from psychological trauma, in which case it's termed dissociative amnesia.

除了脑外伤或疾病因素，逆行性遗忘还可由心理创伤引起，这种情况被称为心因性（分离性）遗忘。

The second and probably most well-known type of amnesia is retrograde amnesia, and it refers to an inability to recall old memories.

第二种也是一种大家很熟悉的遗忘症：逆行性遗忘，指的是无法提取过去的记忆。

Retrograde amnesia is usually because of a problem in the storage or retrieval stage, and typically results from damage to the cortex, but could involve the prefrontal cortex or hippocampus as well.

逆行性遗忘通常是由于在储存或检索阶段出了问题，一般是由大脑皮层受损导致，但也可能涉及前额叶皮质或海马体。

Retrograde amnesia is when you lose some memory of the past.

逆行性遗忘症是指你失去了一些过去的记忆。

This can cause anxiety for individuals with retrograde amnesia as well as friends and family as they completely forget important people or moments in their life.

这可能引起患者本人及其朋友和家人的焦虑，因为他们完全忘记了生活中重要的人或时刻。

There is retrograde amnesia; " retro" for past.

有逆行性遗忘症； “复古”代表过去。

The patient has focal retrograde amnesia. - What?

他患了焦点逆向失忆症 - 什么?

It's unclear how psychological trauma causes retrograde amnesia, but it's thought that perhaps forgetting traumatic events is a psychological defense against the distress they can cause.

目前还不清楚心理创伤是如何导致逆行性遗忘的；但有人认为，忘记造成创伤的事件可能是一种心理防御，以抵御它们可能会带来的痛苦。

One type of retrograde amnesia is a dissociative amnesia which is thought to be a psychological defense to dissociate or detach from distressing events in the past.

其中有一种逆行性遗忘叫心因性遗忘，它被认为是一种心理防御，帮助我们从过去的痛苦事件中抽离出来。

Someone with retrograde amnesia can't remember certain aspects of the past and things they already knew.

患有逆行性失忆症的人不记得过去的某些方面和他们已经知道的事情。

What we tend to picture when we think of memory loss is what's known as retrograde amnesia.

当我们想到失忆时，我们往往会想到所谓的逆行性失忆症。

The DSM-V further states that the amnesia can't be " due to any physiologic effects" of a drug, or be better explained by any other medical condition associated with retrograde amnesia.

DSM-5进一步指出，如是由于某些药物引发的生理效应或有能更好解释逆行性遗忘的其它病因时，均不能诊断为心因性遗忘。