There are about 3 billion base pairs in our genetic code.

在我们的遗传密码中大约有30亿个碱基对。

This does not require changing every single base pair in the genome to mammoth.

这不需要将基因组中的每一个碱基对都改变为猛犸象。

Of these 3 billion base pairs, 99.9% are exactly the same in all humans.

在这30亿个碱基对中，99.9%的碱基对在人类中完全相同。

Today, any two humans only differ by about 1 out of 1000 DNA base pairs.

如今，任意两个人的差别只有千分之一的 DNA 碱基对。

By comparison, most genes have only about 10 exons and are 50 thousand base pairs in length.

相对来说，大多数基因只有10个外显子和50kbp长。

In each case, the fragments were arbitrarily broken up into small, overlapping pieces about 1,000 base pairs long.

所有实验中，基因片段都被任意分割为更小的，有重叠部分的1000个碱基对。

Each of these base pairs are contained in 23 pairs of chromosomes found in the nucleus of human cells.

这些碱基对中的每一个都包含在人类细胞核里的23对染色体当中。

But look at that one base pair.

但是看看那个碱基对。

Look at all those repeating base pairs: ATCG.

看看所有那些重复的碱基对：ATCG。

Because in order to be stable in cells, the two strands of a DNA double helix have to form base pairs.

因为为了在细胞中稳定，DNA双螺旋的两条链必须形成碱基对。

Each person's DNA consists of about 6 billion base pairs stored in 23 pairs of chromosomes— 46 total.

每个人的 DNA 由大约 60 亿个碱基对组成，存储在 23 对染色体中——总共 46 条。

When Huda and Harry combined their data, they were able to narrow the location of their gene down to about one million base pairs.

Huda 和 Harry 合并数据后，他们就能将基因位置缩小到大概100万碱基对内。

And some parts, particularly those where the same short pattern of base pairs is repeated over and over again, remain difficult to sequence well.

而且其中某些部分，尤其是那些短型碱基对被不断复制的位置，仍然很难准确测序。

Rather than patenting every conceivable variant, the company claims jurisdiction over isolated DNA sequences, 15 base pairs long, that match short parts of the genes.

他们不是对每一有可能得到的基因突变体持有专利权，而是对一段分离到的基因序列持有专利权，这段基因序列含有15个碱基对。

Besides the low error rate, Dr Kedes requires that the sequence be complete-meaning that it includes at least 98% of the genome's base pairs.

除了错误率要低，科德斯博士还要求测序结果必须是完整的，即至少包括人体98%的染色体碱基对。

Alright, so the dystrophin gene is a huge gene on the X-chromosome, that has 79 exons and is over 2 million base pairs in length.

抗肌萎缩蛋白基因是X染色体上一个庞大的基因，含有79个外显子，全长超过2000kbp（书上通常缩写为bp，碱基对）。

All you have to remember from your high school biology is that the four natural letters pair together to form two base pairs.

你在高中生物学中所需要记住的就是四个自然字母配对在一起形成两个碱基对。

Well, Cas9 recognizes a specific Protospacer Adjacent Motif or PAM for short which is a conserved 2-5 base pair sequence located near the crRNA complementary sequence.

Cas9很快会识别特定的" 原间隔序列邻近基序" （简称PAM）；PAM是病毒位于crRNA互补序列附近的2-5对保守的碱基序列。

More base pairs and more exons mean that there are more chances for mistakes during meiosis, which is when the egg or sperm are being created.

更多的碱基对和外显子意味着减数分裂时有更多出错的可能，导致生成X染色体上有错误编码序列的卵细胞或者精子。

When Huda and Harry combined their data, they were able to narrow the location of their gene down to about one million base pairs.

Hall：当 Huda 和 Harry 结合他们的数据时，他们能够将基因的位置缩小到大约一百万个碱基对。