This is what’s now known as racial formation theory, a theory formalized by modern sociologists Michael Omi and Howard Winant.

这就是现在所谓的种族形成理论，该理论由现代社会学家迈克尔·奥米 (Michael Omi) 和霍华德·温南特 (Howard Winant) 正式化。

Racial formation refers to the process through which social, political, and economic forces influence how a society defines racial categories – and how those racial categories in turn end up shaping those forces.

种族形成是指社会、政治和经济力量影响社会如何定义种族类别的过程——以及这些种族类别最终如何塑造这些力量。

All of these modern fields of study within race-conflict theory – racial identity, racial formation, racial politics, and racial resistance – they all have their origins in the work of one sociologist: W.E.B. Dubois.

种族冲突理论中的所有这些现代研究领域——种族认同、种族形成、种族政治和种族抵抗——它们都起源于一位社会学家的工作：W.E.B.杜波依斯。

We introduced the idea of racial formation and used Dubois’ survey of African Americans in Philadelphia to look at how economic, political, and social structures affect how we perceive different races – and vice versa.

我们介绍了种族形成的概念，并使用 Dubois 对费城非裔美国人的调查来研究经济、政治和社会结构如何影响我们对不同种族的看法——反之亦然。