The oncotic pressure is higher in the pulmonary capillaries than in the interstitial fluid, so it opposes the hydrostatic pressure.

肺毛细血管的胶体渗透压比肺间质胶体渗透压高，因此它与流体静压拮抗。

An exudative pleural effusions is due to inflammation of the pulmonary capillaries which makes them much more leaky.

渗出性胸腔积液是因为肺毛细血管发炎，变得更易漏出。

Common non-cardiogenic causes include inflammation in the lungs or system-wide inflammation which causes the pulmonary capillaries to be more permeable.

常见的非心源性因素包括肺部或全身性炎症反应，会导致肺毛细血管通透性增高。

The image below shows a single alveolus and a pulmonary capillary.

一下这幅图展示了一个肺泡和一个肺毛细血管。

The partial pressure gradient of each gas equilibrates as blood flows through the pulmonary capillaries.

当血液流过肺毛细血管时，每种气体的分压梯度趋于平衡。

Common cardiogenic causes include left sided heart failure and hypertension, both of which lead to increased hydrostatic pressure in the pulmonary capillaries.

常见的心源性因素包括左心衰和高血压，两者都会导致肺毛细血管流体静压增高。

Oxygen and carbon dioxide move across the respiratory membrane, which includes the alveolus and pulmonary capillary.

氧气和二氧化碳穿过呼吸膜（包括肺泡和肺毛细血管）。

Once again, blood starts to back up in the left atrium, pulmonary veins, and pulmonary capillaries, ultimately leading to pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary edema.

血液又一次在左心房、肺静脉、肺毛细血管淤积，最终导致肺高压和肺水肿。

As blood flows through the pulmonary capillaries, oxygen diffuses into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses into the alveolar gas.

当血液流过肺毛细血管时，氧气扩散到血液中，二氧化碳扩散到肺泡气体中。

The respiratory membrane is very thin, as it consists of only two cells - that is, the alveolar epithelial cell and the pulmonary capillary cell.

呼吸膜很薄，因为它只有两个细胞，即肺泡上皮细胞和肺毛细血管细胞。

So, to be clear, if hydrostatic pressure was the only factor involved, a lot of fluid would be continuously leaking out of the pulmonary capillaries into the lung's interstitial space.

因此请记住，如果流体静压是有关的唯一因素，许多体液便不断地从肺毛细血管中漏出进入间隙。

Pulmonary edema makes gas exchange difficult because oxygen and carbon dioxide have to diffuse through a wide layer of interstitial fluid, to get from the alveoli to the pulmonary capillary and vice versa.

肺水肿导致肺换气障碍，因为氧气和二氧化碳须透过较厚的间隙液体层，从而在肺泡和肺毛细血管间交换。

In the interstitial space, it's the same thing as the blood pressure in the pulmonary capillaries, and because the pulmonary circulation is a low pressure system, the hydrostatic pressure is pretty low.

在组织间隙，毛细血管流体静压和血压相同，且由于肺循环低压，其流体静压也较低。

Now, the underlying cause of pulmonary edema can be cardiogenic - meaning that it develops as a result of a heart disease, or can be non-cardiogenic which typically involves damage to the pulmonary capillaries or alveoli.

肺水肿的根本原因可能是心源性的，意味着这可能是心脏疾病造成的，也可能是非心源性的，与肺毛细血管或肺泡受损有关。