Chinese characters once cast on ancient bronzes are simple yet solemn, calligraphy written on bamboo slips and paintings on silk have a graceful sophistication, while hand-copied and printed books are both refined and steadfast.

青铜器上刻的汉字古朴庄重，竹简上的书法和丝绸上的绘画高贵雅致，手抄和印刷的籍册精致而坚实。