The most common pre-hepatic cause is portal vein obstruction, like when there's a thrombus occluding the portal vein and blocking blood flow.

最常见的肝前型病因是门静脉阻塞，例如当有栓子阻塞门静脉血流时。

Now, the portal venous system comprises of the portal vein and its tributaries, namely the Splenic and Mesenteric veins.

门静脉系统由门静脉和其支流组成，包括脾静脉和肠系膜静脉。

But in some situations, an obstruction may prevent blood flow from the portal vein towards the inferior vena cava.

但有时从门静脉流到下腔静脉的血流会受阻。

With TIPS, a tube is inserted via a catheter to allow communication between the portal vein and hepatic vein.

使用TIPS时，可通过小导管插入大导管，以实现门静脉和肝静脉之间的连通。

This happens when there's an obstruction in the passage of blood from the portal vein towards the vena cava.

当血液从门静脉流向腔静脉的通道阻塞时，就会发生这种情况。

It was a lucky shot (or unlucky, depending on your point of view, I guess) , hitting the portal vein and killing her.

她很幸运（也许你会说不幸，视你的观点而定），击中了大动脉导致死亡。

Protein C or protein S deficiency is also sometimes suspected when a venous thromboembolism develops in an unusual site like the portal, mesenteric, or cerebral veins.

当静脉血栓栓塞出现在不常见的部位时，也要怀疑蛋白C或蛋白S缺乏症，比如门静脉、肠系膜静脉或脑部静脉。

Higher portal vein pressure means that fluid in blood vessels is more likely to get pushed into tissues and across tissues into large open spaces like the peritoneal cavity.

较高的门静脉压力意味着血管中的液体更容易穿透血管壁，被挤压进入组织，更有甚者穿过组织，进入更大的开放空间，如腹膜腔。

As the central veins and sinusoids become compressed and push on the fluid inside, their pressure starts to build up, leading to intrasinusoidal (or portal) hypertension, which is this higher pressure in the portal veins.

中央静脉和血窦的受压导致它们中间的液体也受到挤压，导致门静脉高压，即门静脉的压力升高。

The gold standard for determining if there is portal hypertension is obtaining a hepatic venous pressure gradient measurement where a catheter is inserted inside the inferior vena cava and then inside the portal vein to measure the difference between both pressures.

确定是否存在门静脉高压症的金标准是测量肝静脉压力梯度，即将导管先后插入下腔静脉、门静脉内测量两个压力之间的差异。

Here's a pretty basic layout of the basic functional unit of the liver, you've got the portal vein and hepatic artery that combine into a sinusoid, which then goes into the central vein, and these are all lined with hepatocytes.

这是一个肝脏基本功能单位的简单示意图，你可以看到由门静脉和肝动脉来的血液在血窦汇集，然后流入中央静脉，这些都与干细胞相平行。