And for the next 260 years or so, the Tokugawa bakufu was the main government of Japan.

在接下来的 260 年左右的时间里，德川幕府是日本的主要政府。

The Tokugawa bakufu wasn't much for centralization, as power was mainly in the hands of local lords called daimyo.

德川幕府不太适合集权，因为权力主要掌握在称为大名的地方领主手中。

And in 1868, the rebels got the newly-enthroned Emperor Meiji to abolish the bakufu and proclaim a restoration of the imperial throne.

1868 年，叛乱分子让新登基的明治天皇废除幕府， 宣布恢复天皇宝座。

So the Tokugawa didn't give up without a fight, but the civil war between the stronger daimyo and the bakufu eventually led to the end of the shogunate.

所以德川并没有不战而罢，但是实力更强的大名和幕府之间的内战最终导致了幕府的灭亡。

Just the threat of American steam-powered warships was enough to convince the bakufu to sign some humiliating trade treaties that weren't unlike the ones that China had signed after losing the Opium Wars.

仅仅是美国蒸汽动力军舰的威胁就足以说服幕府签署一些屈辱的贸易条约，这些条约与中国在鸦片战争失败后签署的条约没有什么不同。

As with kings and lesser nobles anywhere, the central bakufu had trouble controlling the more powerful daimyo, who were able to build up their own strength because of their control over local resources.

与任何地方的国王和小贵族一样，中央幕府很难控制更强大的大名， 因为他们能够控制当地资源而能够建立自己的实力。