Sometimes, small fragments of bacterial DNA can be erroneously included with the new viruses.

有时，细菌DNA的小片段可能被错误地包含在新病毒中。

But in this case the bacterial and viral DNA were the stars of the show.

但在这项研究中，细菌和病毒DNA是主角。

If CRISPR couldn't distinguish between bacterial and viral DNA, it wouldn't be a very useful defense system.

如果CRISPR无法区分细菌和病毒DNA，那么它就不是一个非常有用的防御系统。

Diagnosis is done with ELISA, by visualizing the bacteria under darkfield microscopy, or with PCR to detect bacterial DNA.

诊断方式包括ELISA、暗视野显微镜显像或者PCR检测细菌DNA。

And some of the bacterial DNA found its way into the algae, where it took up residence in the algal genome.

某些细菌的DNA进入了藻类，并在藻类基因组中“寄居”。

Heat, cold, acid, drought and UV-resistant packets of bacterial DNA voyaging through space.

热、冷、酸、干旱和抗紫外线的细菌 DNA 包在太空中航行。

When the phages replicate, they read their own genes from the bacteria's genome, but sometimes grab copies of long neighbouring stretches of bacterial DNA too, which they carry to infect new hosts.

当噬菌体复制时，它们利用细菌的基因组读取自己的基因，但有时也会拷贝邻近细菌的长片段DNA，它们携带这些复制品来感染新的宿主。

We don’t know exactly how this works yet, but the oligosaccharides might be interfering with the bacterial DNA. And the team is already working on a second study.

我们还不知道这是如何工作的，但低聚糖可能会干扰细菌 DNA。 该团队已经在进行第二项研究。

But also, a much more terrifying explanation has to do with plasmids, which are parts of the bacterial DNA. The plasmid enters and multiplies itself within a cell and can then be transferred to others.

而且，一个更可怕的解释与质粒有关，质粒是细菌 DNA 的一部分。 质粒进入细胞并在细胞内自我繁殖， 然后可以转移到其他细胞中。