Such taxes, therefore, are really equivalent, they say, to a tax upon every particular commodity produced at home.

因此，他们说，这种税收实际上等同于对国内生产的每一种特定商品征税。

In this particular commodity, therefore, this second tax is by much the heaviest of the two.

因此，在这种特殊商品中， 第二种税是两种税中最重的。

The market price of any particular commodity, though it may continue long above, can seldom continue long below, its natural price.

任何特定商品的市场价格，尽管可能会长期高于其自然价格，但很少会长期低于其自然价格。

The greater part of people, too, understand better what is meant by a quantity of a particular commodity, than by a quantity of labour.

与劳动量相比，大多数人对特定商品的数量的含义的理解也更好。

It is because high or low wages and profit must be paid, in order to bring a particular commodity to market, that its price is high or low.

正是因为为了将特定商品推向市场，必须支付高或低的工资和利润，它的价格才会高或低。

Labour, it must always be remembered, and not any particular commodity, or set of commodities, is the real measure of the value both of silver and of all other commodities.

必须始终记住，劳动，而不是任何特定的商品或一组商品，才是衡量白银和所有其他商品价值的真正尺度。

The ordinary demand curve for a particular commodity is drawn on some assumption as to the incomes of members of the public, and has to be re-drawn if the incomes change.

特定商品的普通需求曲线是根据公众成员收入的一些假设绘制的，如果收入发生变化，则必须重新绘制。

The natural advantages which one country has over another, in producing particular commodities, are sometimes so great, that it is acknowledged by all the world to be in vain to struggle with them.

一个国家在生产特定商品方面相对于另一个国家的自然优势有时是如此之大，以致于全世界都承认与之抗争是徒劳的。

As any particular commodity comes to be more manufactured, that part of the price which resolves itself into wages and profit, comes to be greater in proportion to that which resolves itself into rent.

随着任何特定商品的制造程度越来越高，价格中分解为工资和利润的部分与分解为地租的部分成比例。

The bounty upon the exportation of corn is liable to this further objection, that it can in no respect promote the raising of that particular commodity of which it was meant to encourage the production.

对谷物出口的奖励金可能会招致进一步的反对，即它在任何方面都不能促进原本旨在鼓励生产的特定商品的生产。

Thus as output increases, a series of 'bottle-necks' will be successively reached, where the supply of particular commodities ceases to be elastic and their prices have to rise to whatever level is necessary to divert demand into other directions.

因此，随着产出的增加，将陆续出现一系列“瓶颈”，即特定商品的供应不再具有弹性，其价格必须上升到将需求转移到其他方向所需的任何水平。

In the same way the ordinary supply curve for a particular commodity is drawn on some assumption as to the output of industry as a whole and is liable to change if the aggregate output of industry is changed.

以同样的方式，特定商品的普通供给曲线是根据对整个工业产出的某种假设绘制的，并且如果工业总产出发生变化，则该曲线可能会发生变化。