These disorders are caused by genetic mutations that prevent the normal production of hemoglobin.

这些疾病是由阻止血红蛋白正常产生的基因突变引起的。

Without Delta-ALA synthase, there's a build up of iron and not enough normal heme production.

若缺乏Delta-ALA合酶，就会导致铁的堆积及正常血红素合成的减少。

With extravascular hemolysis, we have macrophages eating up red blood cells more than normal and unconjugated bilirubin production is ramped up, which is conjugated by the liver and sent to the gallbladder.

血管外溶血时，巨噬细胞吞噬红细胞，较正常时更多，进而加速了非结合胆红素的产生，非结合胆红素在肝脏转变为结合胆红素，并输送至胆囊。