A therapeutic dose decreases noradrenaline enough to cause side effects like constipation.

治疗剂量的阿片类药物会导致去甲肾上腺素水平减少，从而引发一些副作用，比如便秘。

The ACC and OFC notify the noradrenaline system of your lack of certainty.

ACC 和 OFC 会给去甲肾上腺系统传达缺乏确定性的信息。

Simply put, you become distracted because noradrenaline is making other things more interesting.

简单来说，就是你被分散了注意力，因为去甲肾上腺素让其他不相平的事变得更有意思。

We will have a huge increase by 2.5-fold of noradrenaline within a few minutes.

我们会在几分钟内大量增加 2.5 倍的去甲肾上腺素。

The body compensates by increasing its number of noradrenaline receptors so it can detect much smaller amounts of noradrenaline.

为了对抗这种变化，人体会增加去甲肾上腺素受体的数量，以便能侦测到更低浓度的 去甲肾上腺素。

It will immediately increase noradrenaline in the body to activate our fight and flight system.

它会立即增加体内的去甲肾上腺素，以激活我们的战斗和逃跑系统。

At the same time, opioids suppress the release of noradrenaline, which influences wakefulness, breathing, digestion, and blood pressure.

与此同时，阿片类药物 会抑制去甲肾上腺素的分泌，从而影响清醒度、呼吸、消化和血压。

Noradrenaline levels can increase within a day of ceasing opioid use.

去甲肾上腺素水平能在停止服用阿片类药物的一天之内增加。

Some research has found that there is a loss of noradrenaline neurons in the brain in Parkinson's patients.

有研究发现，帕金森患者的脑内缺少“去甲肾上腺素神经元”。

And so caffeine prevents this from happening, while also causing the body to increase production of dopamine and noradrenaline.

所以咖啡因可以阻止这种情况的发生，同时也会导致身体产生更多的多巴胺或肾上腺素。

That means there's a period of time when the body is too sensitive to noradrenaline.

这意味着，人体会有一段时间对去甲肾上腺素过于敏感。

But the body takes much longer to get rid of all the extra noradrenaline receptors it made.

但是人体需要更长的时间才能除掉体内生成的额外的去甲肾上腺素受体。

Meanwhile, painkillers, like morphine, raise levels of serotonin and noradrenaline, which regulate energy, arousal, alertness, and pleasure.

同时，吗啡等止痛药会提高血清素和去甲肾上腺素的水平，从而调节能量、觉醒、警觉性和愉悦感。

The sympathetic neurons releases norepinephrine, also called noradrenaline, and the cells of the adrenal medulla release norepinephrine and epinephrine, also called adrenaline.

交感神经元释放去甲肾上腺素，而肾上腺髓质细胞释放去甲肾上腺素与肾上腺素。

And some GPCRs in our brain control levels of chemicals like serotonin and noradrenaline, which scientists believe are key players in bipolar disorder.

我们大脑中的一些 GPCRs 控制着血清素和去甲肾上腺素等化学物质的水平，科学家们认为这是双相情感障碍的关键因素。

It also activates noradrenaline receptors, which increases the heart rate, dilates pupils, and triggers the body's fight or flight response.

它还会激活去甲肾上腺素受体，从而增加心率、放大瞳孔并触发身体的战斗或逃跑反应。

So we'll see basically some noradrenaline was released then, and she's gone into a much more vigilant state of mind.

所以我们基本上会看到一些去甲肾上腺素被释放，她的精神状态变得更加警惕。

At the same time, it increases the production of vasopressin and noradrenaline throughout the brain, which help control our sleep cycles.

同时，它会增加整个大脑中加压素和去甲肾上腺素的产生，这有助于控制我们的睡眠周期。

As people take more opioids to compensate for tolerance, noradrenaline levels become lower and lower, to a point that could impact basic bodily functions.

随着人们摄取更多阿片类药物以补偿耐药性的作用，去甲肾上腺素的水平就会逐渐降低，直到开始影响人体的基本功能。

This increased sensitivity to noradrenaline allows the body to continue functioning normally— in fact, it becomes dependent on opioids to maintain the new balance.

这种对去甲肾上腺素敏感度的增加，让人体得以继续正常运作；事实上，人体变得必须依赖阿片类药物才能维持这种新的平衡。