This is due to survival issues, as it isn't good for dogs to consume very acidic foods that could damage their stomach mucosa.

这关乎狗狗的生存问题，因为食用可能损害胃粘膜的酸性食物对它们而言是不好的。

These airways have an inner lining called the mucosa that's surrounded by a layer of smooth muscle.

这些气道有一层称为粘膜的内层，被一层平滑肌包围。

For initial stages, when the cancer has invaded just the mucosa and submucosa, options include esophagectomy, endoscopic tumor resection, or mucosal ablation - which is when the cancerous mucosa is removed by radiofrequency.

早期肿瘤只入侵黏膜和黏膜下层，治疗选择包括食管切除术、内镜下肿瘤切除术或黏膜消融术，即用射频消融被肿瘤侵袭的黏膜。

Remember that those plexuses are in the muscle layer or submucosal layer, so a normal biopsy with just the mucosa wouldn't cut it, you need a sample of submucosa to see if the submucosal plexus is there or not, right?

记住！神经丛存在于肌层或黏膜下层，因此普通黏膜活检无法取到，需要黏膜下层的标本来检查是否有黏膜下层神经丛。

Touching an infected surface, like a door handle or shaking hands, and then touching an uninfected respiratory mucosa is a main way to transfer an infection - that's because rhinoviruses can survive up to 2 hours on the skin, and 4 days on surfaces.

触摸有病毒附着的表面（如门把手或握手），然后接触未受感染的呼吸道粘膜是传播感染的主要途径，因为鼻病毒可在皮肤上存活2小时，在物体表面可存活4天。