It infects the epithelium of the respiratory mucosa, typically through a nasal route of transmission.

它通常通过鼻传播途径，感染呼吸道粘膜上皮。

Now, the stomach mucosa is different from the esophageal mucosa.

而胃粘膜不同于食管粘膜。

On the other hand, rhinoviruses commonly infect the epithelium of the respiratory mucosa, which lines the nasal cavity.

另一方面，鼻病毒通常会感染鼻腔周围的呼吸道粘膜上皮细胞。

The path of physiology of CSOM begins with irritation and subsequent inflammation of the middle ear mucosa.

CSOM 的生理学途径始于中耳粘膜的刺激和随后的炎症。

That's where there's repeated physical trauma like rubbing of the tooth surface against the mucosa of the cheeks.

这是由于反复摩擦导致的物理损伤，如牙齿表面对颊黏膜的摩擦。

The mucosa comes into direct contact with food, and it protects the esophageal wall from friction.

黏膜层与食物直接接触，同时承受摩擦，保护食管壁。

From the outside in, these are the adventitia, or serosa; the muscular layer; the submucosa and the mucosa.

从外到内看，分别是外膜（或者说浆膜）、肌层、黏膜下层与黏膜。

For example, after a dental procedure that leaves a rough tooth surface, or a broken tooth rubbing against the mucosa.

比如，某次牙科治疗使牙齿变面变得粗糙，或者某颗坏掉的牙齿不断摩擦黏膜。

These airways have an inner lining called the mucosa that's surrounded by a layer of smooth muscle.

这些气道有一层称为粘膜的内层，被一层平滑肌包围。

Persistent acid reflux damages the esophageal mucosa, causing local inflammation, or esophagitis.

持续性酸反流会损害食管粘膜，引起局部炎症，即食管炎。

These are the border cells of your body, lining your organs and mucosa waiting to be infected.

这些是您身体的边界细胞，位于您的器官和粘膜衬里，等待被感染。

Once rhinovirus has been introduced to the respiratory mucosa, it targets cell surface receptors expressed at the surface of nasal epithelial cells.

一旦鼻病毒被进入呼吸道粘膜，它的目标是在鼻上皮细胞表面表达的细胞表面受体。

Hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen are useful for digestion, but they can be quite aggressive for the delicate mucosa.

盐酸和胃蛋白酶原有助于消化，但它们对脆弱的粘膜很有侵袭性。

The mucosa is a very wet layer that helps protect the inside of your nose and sinuses and humidifies the air you breathe.

鼻黏膜表面非常湿润，有助于保护你的鼻子和鼻窦的内侧，并使你呼吸的空气变得湿润。

Esophagitis, in turn, causes edema and erosion of the mucosa, which leads to more complications.

进而，食管炎会引起黏膜水肿和糜烂，从而导致更多的并发症。

Nasal Polyp are fleshy swellings that develop in the lining mucosa of the nose and paranasal sinuses, air-filled spaces, linked to the nasal cavity.

鼻息肉是在与鼻腔相连的鼻腔和鼻窦（充满空气的间隙）的内壁黏膜中增生的肉质肿胀。

Going deeper past that layer you've got the basement membrane and loose connective tissue, called the lamina propria—which together with the epithelium makes up the mucosa.

更深层由基底膜细胞和疏松结缔组织组成，被称为基底层，它和上皮层一起组成了气道的黏膜层。

This bicarbonate-rich mucus protects the gastric mucosa from our own gastric acid, so it won't get digested along with food.

这种富含碳酸氢盐的黏液，保护胃黏膜不受我们自身胃酸的影响，使其不至于和食物一起被消化。

When the virus comes in contact with the respiratory mucosa or the skin of a new person, it starts replicating in the epithelial cells.

病毒进入新感染者的呼吸道粘膜或皮肤，随即开始了在上皮细胞中的复制。

So its mucosa is made up of stratified squamous epithelium, which is better equipped to resist abrasion from food going down.

因此，其粘膜是由复层鳞状上皮构成的，能较好地抵御食物对食管的磨损。