Such small substitutions have minimal effect on the overall melody.

这种小替换对整体旋律的影响极小。

Black carbon deposited on the Arctic snow and ice, he says, will have only a minimal effect on its reflectivity.

他说，落到北极冰雪上面的黑炭，只会对其反射率带来微小的影响。

Scientists now say that the Oxford AstraZeneca vaccine has only minimal effect in preventing mild and moderate versions of COVID-19.

现在，科学家们称，牛津阿斯利康疫苗在预防轻型和中型的新冠病毒变株方面的效果很不显著。

These were found to have had minimal effect on youth anxiety.

发现这些对青少年焦虑的影响微乎其微。

So while a broken window and sealed window both have the same minimal effect on radiation, thick layers of steel, concrete, and packed earth can offer serious protection.

不管是破的窗户和还是密封的窗户对辐射来说作用都是最小的，只有厚钢板，混凝土，泥土才可以提供更有效的保护。

Interferon can cause serious effects that make it difficult to take, but the combination of drugs given in the trial had minimal side effects, and none of the patients dropped out.

干扰素能造成使其难以吸收的严重影响, 但在试验中患者服用的结合药物却呈现最小的副作用, 而且没有病人退出。