I would argue DNA methylation is also dynamic and not fatalistic either.

我会认为 DNA 甲基化也是动态变化的，并非宿命性的。

Nor was the mother's own methylation affected by violence towards her.

而且她们本身基因的甲基化与否也跟是否遭到家庭暴力无关。

In the case of stress, previous studies have suggested that methylation of the gene which encodes glucocorticoid receptors is important.

以往的研究表明，当母亲压力过大时，负责为糖皮质激素受体编码的基因的甲基化具有重要意义。

Methylation basically means your DNA gets some chemical hop-ons that can change how genes are expressed.

甲基化基本上意味着你的 DNA 得到一些化学跃上，可以改变基因的表达方式。

Wang worked in Trey Ideker's lab, where they study changing patterns of DNA methylation in humans.

王在特雷·艾德克的实验室工作，他们在那里研究人类DNA甲基化模式的变化。

The most common mechanism is methylation.

最常见的方式是通过甲基化作用来完成。

Dr Tung and Dr Gilad found that methylation patterns were systematically different in high- and low-ranking animals.

博士东和吉拉德发现甲基模式在地位高级和地位低级的动物之间是不一样的，且这种不一样是系统性的不一样。

In 2021, researchers published a study that looked at methylation of DNA in human and primate brains.

2021年，研究人员发表了一项研究，研究了人类和灵长类大脑中DNA的甲基化。

And in rats, such methylation makes young animals especially sensitive to stress, and also fearful of novelty.

而老鼠试验表明，这样的甲基化过程让幼小动物对压力尤其敏感，对新鲜事物也感到恐惧。

Normally the paternal grandmother's methylation, after being passed to the father, would be erased when the father's making sperm.

正常情况下，奶奶的甲基化基因遗传给父亲后，在父亲产生精子时会发生去甲基化。

The same process happens in dogs-and published reports existed from other labs about methylation patterns in dogs changing over time.

同样的过程也发生在狗狗身上，而且其他实验室也发表了有关狗甲基化模式随时间而变化的报告。

Sometimes that methylation occurs on the paternal chromosome even when there's no imprinting center defect, and that's called an epimutation.

有时即使印记中心没有突变，父源染色体也可以发生甲基化，这一过程称为表观突变。

And we found that if we increased methylation, these animals go even crazier.

我们发现， 如果我们增加甲基化，这些动物会变得更加疯狂。

The UCLA study used gay and straight male twins and found that a specific methylation pattern was closely linked to sexual orientation.

加州大学洛杉矶分校的研究用了男同性恋双胞胎和男异性恋双胞胎，发现一种特定的甲基化模式与性取向密切相关。

And when David looked at the methylation clock  of the mice in his experiment, the patterns had changed.

VO：当大卫在他的实验中观察小鼠的甲基化时钟时，模式发生了变化。

In infants, the level of glucocorticoid-receptor methylation is correlated with the release, in response to stress, of higher-than-normal amounts of stress hormones.

胎儿糖皮质激素的甲基化程度与人体抑郁时分泌过多的压力激素有关。

Taken together, these results suggest that glucocorticoid-receptor-gene methylation happens in the fetus in response to a mother's stress, and persists into adolescence.

总体看来，这些结论表明胎儿糖皮质激素受体基因的甲基化是由于母亲压力过大引起的，并且其影响将会持续到青春期。

As before, the mice didn't just regain their vision, their cells also appeared younger  according to the DNA methylation clock.

VO：和以前一样，老鼠不仅恢复了视力，根据 DNA 甲基化时钟，它们的细胞也显得更年轻。

If those genes are being fine tuned through methylation, our brains growth and evolution might depend more on the serebelum than we thought.

如果这些基因通过甲基化得到了微调，那么我们大脑的生长和进化可能比我们想象的更依赖于血清。

Epigenetics. It's basically the set of processes that turn parts of the genome on or off. And this normally happens is through something called DNA methylation.

答案是表观遗传学。它是一系列可以打开或关闭部分基因组的过程，通常通过一种叫做DNA甲基化的方式发生。