Haldane applied mathematical analysis to real world examples of natural selection such as the evolution of industrial melanism in peppered moths.

S.霍尔丹发表了一系列的论文，将数学分析应用到真实世界的自然选择例子，如椒粉蛾工业黑变病的进化。

Insect melanism is one of the common polymorphism in nature, and has become classical study system for species evolution and adaptability.

昆虫黑化是自然界中普遍存在的一种多型现象,也成为揭示物种在自然界中进化与适应的经典范例。