The first is which frontier technologies will make market leaders a fortune.

第一个问题是，哪些前沿技术会让市场领军者大赚一笔。

Traders attempting to make markets from their sofas were overwhelmed with record volumes.

试图坐在沙发上做市场的交易员被交易量所淹没。

The scandal's even more heavily felt in Europe, where diesel cars make up half the market.

这起丑闻对欧洲的影响更大，因为柴油动力车在欧洲占据了一半的市场份额。

So what makes an emerging market today?

那么，是什么造就了今天的新兴市场？

The second is that not all technologies make markets more efficient.

第二，并非所有技术都能提高市场效率。

Various studies show that explicit or implicit discrimination makes the labour market, even in good times, much tougher for migrants.

各种研究表明，即使在经济繁荣时期，劳动力市场存在的显性或隐性歧视使得移民求职更加艰难。

But the Stone Age men who traded those stone tools and weapons had to make markets somehow.

但石器时代的人们交易这些石器和武器必须以某种方式创造市场。

All of them taken together, they make a great internal market for the produce of one another.

所有这些加在一起，它们为彼此的产品创造了一个巨大的内部市场。

And that's been a big part of market design for a long time is making markets safe.

长期以来，确保市场安全一直是市场设计的重要组成部分。

Even the profits to be made on making markets in more obscure emerging-market currencies, where spreads were once wider, have evaporated.

即使是在无名的新兴货币市场，外汇交易的额外利润也会逐渐减少。

Markets don't exist before the state does, and the state doesn't intervene in their natural work. But the state makes markets possible.

市场不会先于政府而存在，政府也不应干预市场的自然运作，但国家能让市场成为可能。

Segmentation allows marketers to identify and differentiate between the needs of the customer groups that make up a particular market.

细分允许营销人员识别和区分构成特定市场的客户群的需求。

Acquisitions can be useful for preserving the value of startups when weak markets make it hard for founders to raise capital.

当市场疲软导致创始人难以筹集资金时，收购对于保护初创公司的价值很有用。

Ultimately, there are going to be really good buying opportunities because troubled markets make investors nervous and that means falling share prices.

最终，将会有非常好的买入机会， 因为陷入困境的市场会让投资者感到紧张， 这意味着股价会下跌。

They don't like doing the opposite because it can make markets freeze up, and that can ultimately make it harder for ordinary households and businesses to get hold of the cash that they need.

他们不喜欢做相反的事情，因为这可能使市场冻结，而这最终会使普通家庭和企业更难掌握他们需要的现金。

It's gonna happen sooner or later, everything's moving more toward green energy, so it makes sense to just make the transition happen rather than just only wait for the markets to make that happen.

这迟早会发生，一切都在朝着绿色能源的方向发展，因此，只要实现转型，而不是仅仅等待市场实现转型，是有意义的。

" Posing and posturing, " said her noble husband. " A show, as you have said. Let them have their mummery. When they are gone, we will make a fruit market of what they leave behind" .

" 虚张声势罢了。" 她高贵的丈夫说，" 正如您所说，不过是一场展示。就让他们自娱自乐吧，等他们走后，我们就地开个水果市场。"