Underneath the capsule, there's an outer membrane, which consist of lipopolysaccharides, or LPS.

荚膜的下面是一层外膜，主要成分是脂多糖（LPS）。

These include toxins and some immunogenic molecules such as lipopolysaccharide, or LPS, that triggers an immune response, causing inflammation.

这包括致病毒素、某些免疫活性分子，比如脂多糖（LPS）；LPS能引起机体免疫反应，从而导致炎症。

In one study, people were injected with one of three substances: saline, lipopolysaccharide, or interferon — another inflammation inducing substance.

在一项研究中，我们为受试者分别注射三种试剂：生理盐水、脂多糖、以及一种可以诱导炎症的干扰素。

There are plenty of studies that look at ways to treat depression by studying rodents with something called “lipopolysaccharide induced depression.”

目前有大量研究着眼于对脂多糖诱导的小鼠抑郁行为的观察，从而探究抑郁症的治疗手段。

Diagnosis is done by identifying Legionella using cultures from respiratory tract secretions or using a urinary antigen test that detects Legionella lipopolysaccharide antigen in urine.

确诊方法包括用呼吸道分泌物培养军团菌和尿抗原测试，检测尿中的军团菌脂多糖抗原。

Procoagulants could be proteins like tissue factor or bacterial components like lipopolysaccharide, or could even be the presence of enzymes that help to proteolytically cleave and activate clotting factors.

促凝因子可以是类似组织因子的蛋白质，或者类似脂多糖的细菌成分，甚至可以是帮助蛋白酶切割和活化凝血因子的酶。