And they're " naked" because the capsid isn't covered by a lipid membrane.

它们之所以是“裸露的”，因为衣壳没有被脂质膜覆盖。

West Nile virus is also an " enveloped virus" because the capsid is covered by a lipid membrane.

该病毒还是有包囊的病毒，因为衣壳外有一层脂质层。

Now, west nile virus enters host cells using a lipid membrane protein called E2 in a process called clathrin-mediated endocytosis.

西尼罗河病毒利用脂质双分子层上的包膜蛋白（E）通过网格蛋白介导的内吞作用进入宿主细胞。

Many common colds are caused by rhinoviruses that have a geometric protein structure called a capsid instead of a lipid membrane.

很多普通感冒是由鼻病毒引发的，它有一种称为“衣壳”的几何蛋白结构，而不是脂质膜结构。

Varicella zoster virus is a double-stranded DNA virus, protected by a protein coat called capsid, which is enveloped in a lipid membrane.

水痘带状疱疹病毒是双链DNA病毒，被一种叫衣壳的蛋白质包膜保护，而它又被脂质层包裹。

Not necessarily. Many common colds are caused by rhinoviruses that have a geometric protein structure called a capsid instead of a lipid membrane.

未必。很多普通感冒是由鼻病毒引发的，它有一种称为“衣壳”的几何蛋白结构，而不是脂质膜结构。

This transition likely involved the formation of a lipid membrane—perhaps spontaneously forming around RNA and other molecules—creating the first protocells.

这种转变可能涉及脂质膜的形成（可能在 RNA 和其他分子周围自发形成），从而产生了第一个原始细胞。

Self-assembly is seen in nature in many different places, from lipid membranes to cell structures, so we do know it can be a robust solution.

在自然界中，从脂质膜到细胞结构，我们可以在许多不同的地方看到自组装。所以我们知道这是一个稳健的解决方案。

The lipid coating on each nanoparticle fuses with the lipid membrane of a cell and releases the mRNA to do its work.

每个纳米颗粒上的脂质涂层与细胞的脂质膜融合并释放 mRNA 以完成其工作。

They go through the Golgi complex, a cell organelle in charge of packing proteins, to get their lipid membrane and finally the newly formed viruses leave the cell leaving behind a dead cell.

它们进入高尔基体，由高尔基体负责蛋白质的组装，在这里它们有了脂质层，最终形成新的病毒并离开细胞，而被入侵的细胞也走向死亡。

The capsid is covered by a protein layer called the tegument, and finally enclosed in an envelope, which is a lipid membrane that contains viral glycoproteins and is acquired from the nuclear membrane of host cells.

衣壳上覆盖有一层叫“间层”的蛋白，最外面由一层囊膜包裹；囊膜是一层包含病毒糖蛋白的磷脂膜，来自于宿主细胞的核膜。