If insulin sensitivity goes down, that's known as insulin resistance.

如果胰岛素敏感度降低， 就被称为胰岛素抗性。

This purportedly can lead to insulin resistance.

这也会引起胰岛素抵抗。

Insulin resistance is the fundamental defect present in type 2 diabetes, and perhaps obesity too.

胰岛素抵抗是2型糖尿病的基本缺陷，可能还有肥胖。

Insulin resistance can in fact lead to the dreaded type 2 diabetes.

而胰岛素抵抗又会引起可怕的2型糖尿病。

For example, fecal transplants from non-diabetic mice improved insulin resistance in mice with type 2 diabetes.

比如，来自未患有糖尿病小白鼠的粪菌移植改善了患有 2 型糖尿病的小白鼠的胰岛素抵抗情况。

Sedentary mice fed a high fat diet passed along negative health issues like obesity and insulin resistance.

高脂肪饮食不爱活动的老鼠会把一些不良的健康问题传给下一代，比如肥胖和胰岛素耐受性。

These can get into the muscle, causing muscle insulin resistance which is very problematic.

这些东西能进入肌肉，引起肌肉胰岛素抗性，这也非常不好。

To simplify a very complex issue, chronically high insulin is what drives insulin resistance.

简而言之，长期的高胰岛素水平会导致胰岛素耐受。

Like before, it also exits the cell as free fatty acids leading to insulin resistance in the muscle.

像以前一样，它作为游离脂肪酸离开肝细胞，导致肌肉胰岛素抵抗。

Some risk factors for insulin resistance are obesity, lack of exercise, and hypertension, and the exact mechanisms are still being explored.

一些会导致胰岛素抵抗的因素有肥胖、运动不足与高血压，具体的机制还在探索中。

When that fails to happen, it’s called insulin resistance or hyperglycemia.

如果这种情况没有发生， 则称为胰岛素抵抗或高血糖症。

Screen time was also linked to the fluctuations in the levels of leptin- a hormone that controls appetite and influences insulin resistance.

电脑屏幕使用时间也与瘦素水平的波动有关，瘦素是一种控制食欲和影响胰岛素抵抗的激素。

But we only know we're consuming too much when we're getting fatter or manifesting other symptoms of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome.

但只有当我们变胖或者出现胰岛素抵抗和代谢综合征的其他症状时，我们才知道自己的糖摄入量多了。

High blood pressure, heart arrhythmia, insulin resistance -- so, all those hours piling up tends to have a cumulative effect on our bodies.

高血压、心律失常、胰岛素抵抗······因此，所有这些工作时长堆积到一起往往会对我们的身体具有累积效应。

But what is the cause of this insulin resistance?

但是，导致胰岛素耐受的原因是什么呢？

This ends up further damaging the liver and it promotes insulin resistance within the liver by inactivating IRS-1, that insulin receptor from before.

这进一步损害肝脏，还会通过灭活胰岛素受体 IRS-1 来促进胰岛素抗性。

Chronically consuming a lot of carbohydrates may lead to insulin resistance, and many scientists believe that insulin resistance leads to a serious condition called metabolic syndrome.

长期摄入大量碳水化合物可能会导致胰岛素抗性，许多科学家们相信胰岛素抗性会导致一种严重的病，叫做代谢综合征。

Overconsumption of these sugars in general can lead to a myriad of issues such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, weight gain, and obesity.

一般来说，过度摄入这些糖会导致许多问题，如胰岛素抵抗、2型糖尿病、高血压、体重增加和肥胖。

The same JNK1 gets stimulated which promotes inflammation and JNK1 acts on the same IRS-1 insulin receptor causing insulin resistance in the liver.

和之前一样，JNK1 被激活，导致炎症。JNK1 作用于 IRS-1 受体，导致胰岛素抗性。

And weight loss from sustained lifestyle changes, or invasive treatments like bariatric surgery, can improve insulin resistance and decrease inflammation.

通过持续的生活方式改变或减肥手术等侵入性治疗来减轻体重，可以改善胰岛素抵抗并减少炎症。