Just two or three carbon atoms, a hydroxyl group, and some hydrogens.

只有两个或三个碳原子、一个羟基以及一些氢原子。

The incorporation of Ascorbic acid with the enzyme, adds hydroxyl group on proline residue in collagen.

抗坏血酸与酶的结合，使胶原中的脯氨酸残基上增加了羟基。

And what's left are molecules with four carbons, each of which is saturated, and attached to a hydroxyl group.

剩下的是含四个碳的分子，每个都是饱和的，依附在羟基上。

Normally, dehydration would make tardigrade DNA susceptible to damage from chemicals called hydroxyl radicals, which form when water molecules split.

通常情况下，脱水会使缓步DNA容易受到一种名为羟自由基的化学物质的伤害，这种物质在水分子分裂时形成。

Its molecules come in long chains, called polymers, and on each end there's a hydrogen-oxygen pair, called a hydroxyl group.

他的分子拥有很长的链叫做高分子聚合物，每一个分子的末端都有一个氢氧基对，叫做羟基组。

Sometimes a hydroxyl group from one molecule is happy to join up with a hydrogen from another, forming water.

有时，一个分子中的羟基很乐意与另一个分子中的氢结合， 形成水。

And what’s left are molecules with four carbons, each of which is saturated, and attached to a hydroxyl group.

剩下的是有四个碳的分子，每个碳都是饱和的，并连接到一个羟基上。

Scientists would need to treat rock and soil with heat to extract water molecules and hydroxyl from them and turn it into liquid water, he said.

他说，科学家需要用热处理岩石和土壤，从中提取水分子和羟基，并将其转化为液态水。

Their experiments show that methanol, commonly known as wood alcohol, and hydroxyl react rapidly at –210 degrees Celsius to form methoxy, which has also been spotted in space.

他们的实验显示，甲醇（俗名木精）和羟基形成甲氧基的反应速度在零下 210 摄氏度时很快，而研究人员也在宇宙中发现了这一过程。

It reacts with HOPDMS in such a way that it breaks off a hydroxyl group from one end of each chain, so that two chains can join together!

它与 HOPDMS 产生反应，通过打断每一个链接末尾的羟基组，使得两个链接可以结合在一起！

Carboxylic acids are a type of organic compound characterized by a carbon (C) atom doubly bonded to an oxygen (O) atom and singly bonded to a hydroxyl group (-OH) .

羧酸是一种有机化合物，其特征是一个碳（C）原子与一个氧（O）原子双键结合，并与一个羟基（-OH）单键结合。

Beta hydroxybutyric acid on the other hand, even though it's still one of the ketone bodies, isn't technically a ketoacid since its ketone group has been reduced to a hydroxyl group.

而β-羟基丁酸虽说也是酮体，但却不是酮酸，因为它的酮基团被还原成了羟基。

If you were paying attention, you learned that alcohols are organic compounds with hydroxyl groups, if you dehydrogenate them, the hydroxyl converts to a carbonyl and they become dehydrogenated alcohols or aldehydes.

如果你留心的话，你就会知道醇是带有羟基的有机化合物， 如果你将它们脱氢， 羟基就会转化为羰基， 它们就会变成脱氢的醇或醛。

Technically speaking, an alcohol is any compound that contains a hydrogen-oxygen pair, known as a hydroxyl group, that's bound to an atom of carbon that's saturated, meaning all of its electrons are bound to something else.

严格说来，含有氢氧化合物的东西都是酒精，也就是我们所熟知的氢氧基，粘着在饱和的碳原子上，也就是意味着所有的电子都粘着在另外的东西上。

It replaced one of salicylic acid's hydroxyl group — that's an oxygen and hydrogen bonded to a carbon — with an acetyl group, which is two carbons, one double-bonded to an oxygen and the other bonded to three hydrogens.

它用乙酰基取代了水杨酸的一个羟基——氧和氢与碳结合——乙酰基是两个碳，一个与氧双键结合，另一个与三个氢结合。

If it's a six carbon chain with a carboxylic acid on it and an alcohol on one of the other carbons, our name has to do two things: identify that the hydroxyl group is there and identify where it is.

如果它是一个六碳链， 上面有一个羧酸， 另一个碳上有一个醇，我们的名字必须做两件事：确定羟基的存在并确定它的位置。