Autophagy presumably arose long ago as a way of helping cells survive lean times.

自噬大概很早以前就出现，作为一种帮助细胞在缺氧缺糖时存活下来的方式。

Folic acid is a B vitamin that helps the body build and repair cells.

叶酸是一种维生素B，能帮助身体发育和修复细胞。

Oncogenes help cells grow and proliferate, while tumor suppressor genes slow down cell growth and proliferation.

致癌基因加速细胞生长增殖，而抑癌基因使细胞生长增殖变慢。

One is collagen, a really plentiful protein that helps cells stick together and makes your skin stronger.

一个是胶原——一种非常充足的蛋白质，能帮助细胞聚合，让皮肤更健康。

They all have functions, like helping cells adhere to their neighbors or binding to nutrients the cell will need.

它们都有功能 如介导细胞间的粘附或结合细胞需要的养分。

Telomerase, an enzyme that helps cancer cells evade destruction by repairing their DNA, was discovered first in HeLa cells.

端粒酶，这个酶会修复癌细胞的DNA, 避免癌细胞的死亡，在海拉细胞中被第一次发现。

These hormones act like a seed's alarm clock, telling it to start growing and helping cells glow up accordingly.

这些激素就像种子的闹钟，告诉它要开始生长，并相应地帮助细胞焕发光彩。

The shifting landscape of loops helps cells quickly change which genes are active.

不断变化的循环景观有助于细胞快速改变哪些基因是活跃的。

Yet another piece of the puzzle could be unusual proteins called syncytins These proteins help cell membranes fuse together.

另一个难题可能是称为合胞素的不寻常蛋白质。这些蛋白质帮助细胞膜融合在一起。

Others say that giving the body a break from food can help reduce pain and inflammation and also help repair cells.

其他人说让身体从食物中休息可以帮助减轻疼痛和炎症，也有助于修复细胞。

Both are caused by genetic faults in the instructions for making haemoglobin, a protein that helps red blood cells carry oxygen.

这两种疾病都是由于血红蛋白（一种帮助红细胞携带氧气的蛋白质）制造指令中的基因缺陷引起的。

Vacuoles help cells grow, store proteins and sugars, and often contain colored pigments, so we have them to thank for the pretty pink petals on our roses.

液泡帮助细胞生长，储存蛋白质和糖，通常含有有色色素，所以我们的玫瑰上有漂亮的粉红色花瓣就要感谢它们。

Over billions of years of evolution, nature has come up with lots of molecular machines, from whip-like flagella that help cells move, to enzymes that catalyze chemical reactions.

在几十亿年的进化过程中，大自然产生了许多分子机器，从帮助细胞运动的鞭状鞭毛体到催生化学反应的酶。

" If so, it presents a potential pathway for reversing or preventing the greying of human hair by helping jammed cells to move again between developing hair follicle compartments."

“如果是这样，它就能帮助堵塞的细胞在发育中的毛囊室之间再次移动，提供逆转或防止人类头发变白的潜在途径。”