And over the last decade, we've seen this keep it in the ground movement emerge, scientists say, to avoid the worst effects of climate change.

科学家表示，过去十年，我们已经看到这种让燃料留在地下这种运动的出现，这旨在避免气候变化的最坏影响。

P waves are fast, compressive waves that push and pull the ground in the same direction as the wave, causing little noticeable ground movement.

P 波是快速的压缩波，它会在与波相同的方向上推动和拉动地面，几乎不会引起明显的地面运动。

Current early warning systems measure ground movement during the fast P-waves to predict how much shaking the S-waves will cause, and then send out an alert.

当前的预警系统测量快速 P 波期间的地面运动，以预测 S 波将引起多少震动，然后发出警报。

Usually, it's a cloud to ground movement as negative particles accumulate in the lower areas of the clouds, but sometimes a strong wind pushes the particles to the upper border of the cloud, causing the Lightning to shoot upwards.

通常情况下，由于负粒子聚集在云的低处，云会向地面移动，但有时强风会将这些粒子推向云的上部边缘，导致闪电向上喷射。