So, a germ cell ovarian cancer refers to situations where these precursor germ cells become cancerous and form tumors.

因此，卵巢生殖细胞癌就是指位于卵巢的生殖细胞癌变形成的肿瘤。

Some originate from ovarian germ cells, such as mature cystic teratomas, also called dermoid cysts.

有的起源于卵巢生殖细胞，例如成熟的囊性畸胎瘤，又名皮样囊肿。

And, each follicle is made up of a germ cell, also known as an oocyte, which is the immature egg.

每一个卵泡都由一个生殖细胞组成，也就是卵母细胞，就是未成熟的卵子。

These are the most common germ cell tumor in children, and the tumors can be very aggressive.

这是最常发生于儿童身上的生殖细胞瘤，肿瘤侵袭性较强。

Germ cells, as they're called, developed inside a fortress-like structure within the testes.

这些所谓的生殖细胞是在睾丸内一个类似堡垒的结构内发育的。

Genetically modified organism (GMOs) are created when cloned genes are introduced into germ cells.

在真核细胞中，如果被导入的细胞来自另一种生物，形成的转基因植物或动物可以通过常规育种来繁殖。

The other option is the sister chromatids of the x chromosome don't separate in meiosis two in the female germ cell.

女性生殖细胞中，X染色体姐妹染色单体在第二次减数分裂时没有分离。

All right, as a quick recap: germ cell ovarian cancers come from pluripotent germ cells that normally develop into sperm or egg.

好！快速复习一下：卵巢生殖细胞癌是由能够发育成精子或卵子的多能生殖细胞形成的。

The genome of that germ cell would be permanently edited, and so would all of the cells in the

该生殖细胞的基因组将被永久编辑， 所有细胞中的细胞也将被永久编辑。

Typically a gamete with 23 chromosomes, including one sex chromosome either X or Y, develops when parent germ cells undergo the process of meiosis.

正常的配子包含23条染色体，其中有一条X或Y性染色体，由亲代生殖细胞减数分裂产生。

Early on in meiosis the germ cell makes a copy of all of its chromosomes with each chromosome having sister chromatids at that point.

减数分裂早期，生殖细胞会复制原先的染色体，复制完毕后，所有的染色体都有了姐妹染色单体。

There's been a lot of small molecule studies to try and actually attack the germ cell to stop it from working.

已经有大量小分子研究尝试攻击生殖细胞，阻止其发挥作用。

Now, there are four types of germ cell tumors and each type is named after the type of cell that these pluripotent germ cells develop into.

有四种类型的生殖细胞肿瘤，且每种类型都是以这些多能生殖细胞发育成的细胞类型命名的。

And Skinner is pursuing a new approach, shutting down Sertoli cells, which are a part of that impenetrable barrier that houses germ cells.

斯金纳正在研究一种新方法，关闭塞托利细胞， 该细胞是容纳生殖细胞的不可穿透的屏障的一部分。

Some very special germ cells, though, stay as germ cells - meaning that unlike the cells that differentiate, these germ cells retain their ability to turn into other cells types.

有一些特殊的生殖细胞仍保持其特性，意味着不像分化的细胞，这些细胞仍保留分化成其他类型细胞的能力。

But to scientists, it’s known as germ-line engineering -- referring to the germ cells, or sperm and egg cells that come together to create an embryo.

但对科学家来说， 这被称为生殖系工程——指的是生殖细胞，或精子和卵细胞结合在一起形成胚胎。

Normally, during development these germ cells head to the ovary in women or testicle in men where they remain for decades, eventually developing into eggs or sperm, respectively.

正常情况下，在胚胎发育过程中，这些生殖细胞会进入女性的卵巢或男性的睾丸，在那里存留数十年，最终形成精子或卵子。

The second subtype is a yolk sac tumor, also called an endodermal sinus tumor, and it's made of germ cells that differentiate into yolk sac tissue.

第二种亚型是卵黄囊瘤，也称为内胚层窦瘤，是由分化为卵黄囊的生殖细胞组成。

The third subtype is a choriocarcinoma and it's made of germ cells that turn into syncytiotrophoblast cells which are the ones that help form the placenta.

第三种亚型是绒毛膜癌，它是由转化成合体滋养细胞的生殖细胞组成，合体滋养细胞帮助形成胎盘。

Mature cystic teratomas are the most common ovarian tumors in young women and usually contain a heterogeneous mix of mature tissues that come from two or three of the germ cell layers.

成熟囊性畸胎瘤是年轻女性中最常见的卵巢肿瘤，内容物常为多种成熟组织的混合物，分别由两个或三个胚层的生殖细胞分化而来。