These laws, which were almost fatal to Dutch shipping in America, fell with severity upon the colonists, compelling them to pay higher freight rates.

这些法律对美洲的荷兰航运几乎是致命的，但对殖民者的打击却非常严厉， 迫使他们支付更高的运费。

But thanks to competition among various modes of transportation, rail rates have fallen 44%since the government largely removed itself from setting freight rates in the 1980s.

但是由于各种交通方式之间的竞争，自1980年代政府大幅度停止设定货运费率以来，铁路运价已经下降了44%。

State ownership of railways and airlines, regulation of freight rates and toleration of anti-competitive practices, such as cargo-handling monopolies, all keep the cost of shipping unnecessarily high and deter international trade.

航空和铁路的国有制、对运费的管制以及对反竞争活动（如货物处理垄断）的容忍都造成了不必要的运输高成本，妨碍了国际贸易。

Computer software can be 'exported' without ever loading it onto a ship, simply by transmitting it over telephone lines from one country to another, so freight rates and cargo-handling schedules become insignificant factors in deciding where to make the product.

计算机软件出口甚至不需要所谓的“装船”，而是通过电话线就可以实现从甲国到乙国的传送，所以运费和货物的安置就不再是影响产品产地选择的重要因素。