Jill Johnstone has been studying boreal forest ecology for decades.

吉尔·约翰斯通几十年来一直在研究北方森林生态学。

Fire is a normal part of forest ecology and birds like the black-backed woodpecker have adapted to fire.

火灾是森林生态的正常组成部分，像黑背啄木鸟这样的鸟类已经适应了火灾。