The thyroid gland is made up of thousands of follicles which are small spheres lined with follicular cells.

甲状腺由上千个滤泡构成；滤泡是由滤泡细胞排列包裹形成的小球团。

This results in growth of the thyroid glands and stimulates the follicular cells to produce excess thyroid hormone.

这会导致甲状腺增生并刺激滤泡细胞，产生过量的甲状腺激素。

In some cases it's because of a mutated TSH receptor that inappropriately keeps these follicular cells active.

有时这是因为TSH受体基因突变，不适当地让滤泡细胞保持活跃状态。

These Auto antibodies include thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins which bind to the TSH receptor on the follicular cells and imitate TSH.

这些自身抗体包括甲状腺刺激性免疫球蛋白，它会与滤泡细胞上的TSH受体结合并模仿TSH。

Meanwhile, the primordial follicle turns into a primary follicle, meaning that the follicular cells that surrounding the primary oocyte develop into granulosa cells.

与此同时，包围初级卵母细胞的滤泡细胞分化为颗粒细胞，使始基卵泡变为初级卵泡。

Follicular cells convert thyroglobulin, a protein found in follicles into 2 iodine containing hormones: triiodothyronine or T3 , and thyroxine or T4 .

滤泡细胞转化滤泡当中的甲状腺球蛋白成为两种含碘激素：碘甲状腺原氨酸，又称T3；以及甲状腺素，又称T4。

Each primordial follicle has a single immature sex cell called the primary oocyte at the core, and a layer of follicular cells surrounds this.

每一个始基卵泡中心都有一个未成熟的生殖细胞，叫做初级卵母细胞，被卵泡细胞包裹。

A different cause is a hyper functioning thyroid adenoma where the follicular cells start growing uncontrollably, forming a benign tumor that makes excess thyroid hormones.

另一个原因是功能亢进的甲状腺腺瘤，即滤泡细胞的生长开始不受控制，形成一个产生过量甲状腺激素的良性肿瘤。