Mutations in genes that code for miRNA molecules have been found to cause conditions such as congenital hearing loss and are thought to be involved in the pathology of many eye disorders, such as cataracts, glaucoma and macular degeneration.

研究发现，编码 miRNA 分子的基因突变会导致先天性听力损失等疾病，并被认为与白内障、青光眼和黄斑变性等多种眼部疾病的病理有关。