Before AI entered the scene, scientists used experimental techniques to map proteins atom by atom.

在人工智能出现之前，科学家们使用实验技术逐个原子地绘制蛋白质图谱。

And in 2020, AlphaFold2 showed that it could predict proteins as well as experimental techniques — a major milestone.

在 2020 年，AlphaFold2 表明它可以预测蛋白质和实验技术——这是一个重要的里程碑。

Even with modern experimental techniques, wherein neuroscientists track hundreds of neurons at a time in live animals, it is hard to reverse-engineer what is really going on.

即使采用现代实验技术，神经科学家可以在活体动物身上同时追踪数百个神经元，但仍然很难对真正发生的情况进行逆向工程。

Pasker combined, his manipulation of the implants cells with an experimental technique called operant conditioning, This rewards, a particular action performed in response to a particular stimulus and thus trains in animal to react to that stimulus with that action.

Pasker 结合，他使用称为操作性条件反射的实验技术对植入细胞的操作，这奖励，响应特定刺激而执行的特定动作，从而在动物中训练用那个动作对那个刺激做出反应。