The development of the kidney, the major excretory organ after birth, consists of 3 stages: the pronephros, mesonephros and metanephros.

肾脏是人体主要的排泄器官，它的发育经过原肾、中肾、后肾3个阶段。

Fluoride is a widely distributed nephrotoxin with exposure potentially resulting from environmental fluorine excess.Kidney is the main excretory organ of fluorine.

肾脏是氟的主要排泄器官，当机体摄入过量氟超过肾的排泄能力时，肾组织细胞就会因处于高氟环境而受到损害。