Epigenetic changes are part of normal development.

表徵遗传变化是正常发育的一部分。

Even social experiences can cause epigenetic changes.

甚至社交经验也能造成表徵遗传变化。

But even though epigenetic changes are sticky, they're not necessarily permanent.

但是即使表观基因变异是令人不满的，它们不是永久的。

Working out which epigenetic changes wrought by exercise are important, and which incidental, will take time.

找出哪些基因的后天改变是由运动造成的是至关重要的，以及哪些是偶发的，这些都需要时间。

These what-are-called epigenetic changes signal to the muscles to, well, tone up.

这些所谓的表现遗传变化信号会使肌肉更强壮。

The epigenetic changes caused by one single mother rat were passed down to many generations of rats after her.

一个鼠妈妈导致的表观遗传变异会被传递给她后面的好几代老鼠。

Environmentally-induced epigenetic changes are part of the reason why genetically identical twins can grow up to have very different lives.

环境诱导的表观基因变异是其中一个原因为什么基因相同的双胞胎在长大以后拥有不同的人生。

These are considered epigenetic changes, meaning that they effect which genes are expressed without directly changing the genetic code.

这些被认为是表观遗传变异，就是说它们在不直接更改基因代码的前提下，影响了哪些基因被表现出来。

Meanwhile, new genome editing techniques are making it much easier to identify which epigenetic changes really matter for health and disease.

与此同时，新表观基因组编辑的技术正在将它变得更简单来区分哪些表观基因变异对于健康和疾病有重要意义。

So we actually see specific epigenetic changes, so these chemical changes that occur as a function of age, we can measure them.

所以我们实际上看到了特定的表观遗传变化，所以这些作为衰老功能的化学变化，我们可以测量它们。

The resulting epigenetic changes can eventually lead to disease, if, for example, they turn off a gene that makes a tumor-suppressing protein.

表观基因变异的结果最终会导致疾病，举例而言，如果它们隐藏了基因中肿瘤抑制的蛋白质。

One of the hallmarks of ageing  is epigenetic change.

戴维：衰老的标志之一是表观遗传变化。

This is distinct from epigenetic changes relayed between cells in a person's body.

这与人体内细胞之间传递的表观遗传变化不同。

While we have been able to connect specific epigenetic changes to health effects in mice, we're a long way off from being able to make those connections in humans.

虽然我们已经能够将特定的表观遗传变化与小鼠的健康影响联系起来，但我们离能够在人类身上建立这些联系还有很长的路要走。